1. When are emotions pathological?
Emotions are pathological when they are unreasonable in their intensity. For example when someone lashes out over something very minimal. At the other end of the spectrum it can be when people react with an intensity less than normal. This would be the group that these articles would put psychopaths into. These articles explain that psychopaths feel fear and anxiety at a lesser intensity if at all compared to non-psychopaths.
2. When are they disruptive to social and personal functions?
The article by Pham relates our emotional states to reasoning processes and self-control. I believe that our emotions are disruptive when they affect our reasoning or self-control in detrimental ways. For example if they interfere with our reasoning and cause us to make poor decisions that we would not have made in our normal mind set. One of the articles discusses how many of their psychopath participants were in prison even though there are some "successful" psychopaths. I think that by successful they mean that they are able to control their reasoning and their self-control enough that they can keep themselves from making poor decisions that would lead them to prison.
3. Some people claim that particular emotions are in and of themselves dysfunctional (e.g. anger). What do you think?
I don't agree that emotions are dysfunctional. We experience emotions for a reason. I think that what makes us think they are dysfunctional is when people react to them in ways that seem unreasonable. I think that the emotions still have a purpose but when people experience them with too high or low of intensity that purpose may not be as clear.